Mixed Models of Non-Proportional Hazard and Application in The Open Distance Education Students Retention Data

The problem that arises in the Cox model is there are more than two types of covariates and presence random effects a non-proportional hazard (NPH). One example case involves many factors student retention. Low retention can lead to dropping out college or failure completing studies. purpose this study overcome NPH caused by presenceof time-independent covariates, time-dependent effects. research method uses simulation. Some modified models stratified model, extended frailty model. developed applied distance education data. results show programs provide considerable diversity explaining thetotal It be concluded needs considered UT improve quality services students. In addition, other have significant effect on learning modeling age, domicile, gender, GPA, marital status, employment number credits taken, registered courses.